<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
     xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd"
     xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
     xmlns:podcast="https://podcastindex.org/namespace/1.0"
     xmlns:psc="http://podlove.org/simple-chapters">
  <channel>
    <title>Qualla: Senussi Campaign</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign</link>
    <description><![CDATA[A desert religious order, pushed by the Ottomans, fought Britain and Italy along the Libyan-Egyptian frontier in a forgotten corner of the First World War, where armored cars and biplanes met camel raiders.]]></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>© 2026 Bendyline</copyright>
    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 27 Jul 2026 10:40:36 GMT</lastBuildDate>
    <itunes:author>Qualla</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A desert religious order, pushed by the Ottomans, fought Britain and Italy along the Libyan-Egyptian frontier in a forgotten corner of the First World War, where armored cars and biplanes met camel raiders.]]></itunes:summary>
    <itunes:type>serial</itunes:type>
    <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
    <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/hero-small.webp"/>
    <itunes:owner>
      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
      <itunes:email>support@bendyline.com</itunes:email>
    </itunes:owner>
    <itunes:category text="Society &amp; Culture">
        <itunes:category text="Places &amp; Travel"/>
    </itunes:category>
    <podcast:locked>yes</podcast:locked>
    <image>
      <url>https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/hero-small.webp</url>
      <title>Qualla: Senussi Campaign</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Senussi Campaign: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Illustrated London News, Public domain. Most of the First World War was fought in trenches that barely moved for years. This part of it ranged over hundreds of kilometers of open Sahara, and it was fought by people the rest of the war scarcely noticed. From late 1915 into 1917, along the vague frontier between Italian Libya and British-held Egypt, a religious order of desert Arabs called the Senussi waged a campaign against two European empires at once. They had been pushed into it. And the way it ended would shape Libya for the next half-century.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Illustrated London News, Public domain. Most of the First World War was fought in trenches that barely moved for years. This part of it ranged over hundreds of kilometers of open Sahara, and it was fought by people the rest of the war scarcely noticed. From late 1915 into 1917, along the vague frontier between Italian Libya and British-held Egypt, a religious order of desert Arabs called the Senussi waged a campaign against two European empires at once. They had been pushed into it. And the way it ended would shape Libya for the next half-century.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign/">Senussi Campaign on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Illustrated London News | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-intro.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-intro.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-intro-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Senussi Campaign: A Peaceful Order Drawn Into War</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Illustrated News, Public domain. The Senussi were not, by origin, a warlike people. Founded in the nineteenth century, the order was a network of Sufi lodges spread across the Sahara, described before 1906 as a relatively peaceful religious community opposed to fanaticism, more concerned with teaching and trade ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Illustrated News, Public domain. The Senussi were not, by origin, a warlike people. Founded in the nineteenth century, the order was a network of Sufi lodges spread across the Sahara, described before 1906 as a relatively peaceful religious community opposed to fanaticism, more concerned with teaching and trade ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign/">Senussi Campaign on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Illustrated News | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-a-peaceful-order-drawn-into-war.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-a-peaceful-order-drawn-into-war.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-a-peaceful-order-drawn-into-war-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Senussi Campaign: The Frontier</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Illustrated London News, Public domain. It was hard country to fight over. The western edge of Egypt had never even been formally drawn, the negotiations interrupted by war and never resumed. A thin coastal strip along the Mediterranean could just support grazing and the occasional well, though the wells were far apart...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Illustrated London News, Public domain. It was hard country to fight over. The western edge of Egypt had never even been formally drawn, the negotiations interrupted by war and never resumed. A thin coastal strip along the Mediterranean could just support grazing and the occasional well, though the wells were far apart...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign/">Senussi Campaign on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Illustrated London News | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-the-frontier.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-the-frontier.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-the-frontier-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Senussi Campaign: Cars Against Camels</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit The Seymour and Muriel Yale Collection of Coins of the Ottoman Empire and Other Middle East States, CC0. When the Senussi crossed into Egypt in November 1915, the British garrison had been stripped thin by Gallipoli and Mesopotamia, and the first months were uncertain. The defenders fell back, regrouped at Mersa Matruh, and fought a series of hard, confused actions in the coastal sc...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit The Seymour and Muriel Yale Collection of Coins of the Ottoman Empire and Other Middle East States, CC0. When the Senussi crossed into Egypt in November 1915, the British garrison had been stripped thin by Gallipoli and Mesopotamia, and the first months were uncertain. The defenders fell back, regrouped at Mersa Matruh, and fought a series of hard, confused actions in the coastal sc...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign/">Senussi Campaign on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: The Seymour and Muriel Yale Collection of Coins of the Ottoman Empire and Other Middle East States | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-cars-against-camels.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-cars-against-camels.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-cars-against-camels-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Senussi Campaign: The Peace, and What Came After</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. By the spring of 1917 it was over. The Senussi had been forced back across the border into Libya, the oases retaken one by one, the desert left to British aircraft and armored cars. The gamble had failed on its own terms: most Egyptians never rose, and the pressure on Suez never ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Unknown author, Public domain. By the spring of 1917 it was over. The Senussi had been forced back across the border into Libya, the oases retaken one by one, the desert left to British aircraft and armored cars. The gamble had failed on its own terms: most Egyptians never rose, and the pressure on Suez never ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/senussi-campaign/">Senussi Campaign on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Unknown author | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 22 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-the-peace-and-what-came-after.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-the-peace-and-what-came-after.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/s/3/b/senussi-campaign-wp/ss3b-senussi-campaign-the-peace-and-what-came-after-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>
